Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

城市雨水流域汇水区自动划分

针对传统汇水区划分方法中存在的问题,利用流域地形分割技术,通过专业的GIS地形处理软件,建立了城市雨水流域汇水区的自动划分方法,其划分过程主要由构建格网DEM、格网点流向定义、汇流网络提取、子汇流区域划分、子汇流区域生成城市流域汇水区和流域汇水区编码6步组成。实验证明,雨水流域汇水区的自动划分方法不仅操作性较强,而且大大提高了汇水区划分的效率和质量。     

中生代焉耆盆地演化特征

目的探讨焉耆盆地中生代盆地的演化。方法通过盆地断裂活动特征、沉积演化特征探讨盆地演化阶段。结果盆地断裂活动分为3个阶段,中晚三叠世挤压断层发育阶段、侏罗纪—早白垩世伸展正断层发育阶段和晚白垩世挤压逆冲断层发育阶段;沉积演化分为两个阶段,中—晚三叠世挤压环境的辫状河—浅湖相沉积,早—中侏罗世伸展环境的辫状河—浅湖相沉积。结论焉耆盆地中生代的演化可分为中晚三叠世前陆盆地阶段、侏罗纪—早白垩世的伸展阶段和晚白垩世的挤压抬升阶段3个阶段。     

基于改进的两参数月水量平衡模型的月径流模拟

对熊立华等提出的两参数月水量平衡模型进行了分析,辨析了模型参数的物理意义,针对模型计算公式中的不合理之处,对原模型作了改进:首先,考虑到降水和流域前期蓄水量对流域蒸散发的共同作用,将两者同时作为影响因子,构造了新的蒸散发计算公式;其次,根据有关参数的变化范围,用线性函数近似双曲正切函数,改进了月径流量计算公式.运用改进后的模型模拟、验证了北运河通县站控制流域1980~1991年的月径流和蒸散发过程.结果表明,较之原模型,改进后的模型精度更高,月径流计算过程与实测过程拟合效果较好,年内最大洪峰流量相对误差明显减小,模拟的月蒸散发和流域蓄水量过程更加合理.     

基于局部填充函数的混合优化算法的改进

填充函数算法是求解全局优化问题的常用算法,其应用效果依赖于如何合理地选择算法参数。为了方便地选择参数,该文提出了局部填充函数的概念,讨论了基于局部填充函数的混合优化算法的改进策略。对于给定的参数,混合优化算法寻找一个包含极小点的区域,使得所构造的函数在该区域上满足局部填充函数的定义,从而利用局部填充函数的性质简化寻优过程,减少优化过程中参数调整的次数和难度,提高算法的效率和稳定性。此外,针对填充函数算法研究中简单盆存在性问题,该文给出了一个实例,说明二次连续可微的函数在一定条件下其孤立极小点附近可以不存在简单盆。     

From deep basin gas to diagenetic trap—An example from the Yulin Gas Field in the Ordos Basin

In the updip portion of the Yulin Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, there are no any structural, stratigraphic and sedimentary lithologic seals. Using thin-section petrography, ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, micro-thermometry and Raman microspectrometry, this paper finds out the diagenetic trap and studies the diagenetic history of this field. It was revealed that three phases of diagenesis and hydrocarbon charging happened in late Triassic, late Jurassic and the end of early Cretaceous respectively. In the first two phases, acid geofluid entered the reservoir and caused dissolution and cementation. Although the porosities had been increased, further compaction accompanying re-subsidence resulted in tight sandstone and conglomerates. Till the end of the early Cretaceous, bulk of gas migrated into the tight reservoir. Cementation, however, kept on in the updip portion of this field due to low gas saturation and formed the diagenetic trap. The mechanism for gas accumulation was changed from deep basin gas to diagenetic trap, which offers a sealing condition that can retain gas for much longer time.     

乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽低渗透油藏勘探研究方法及勘探效果

针对乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽储层物性差、非均质性强、油藏类型以岩性和地层油藏为主的低渗透油藏特点,以沉积储层为主要研究内容,通过层序地层学方法和储层预测新技术的应用,识别出多个不同时期、不同类型的砂体,圈定了砂体范围,预测了有利储层部位。在3年的勘探实践中,先后钻探了10余口探井,全部获得成功,勘探取得了重大突破。     

混合地震反演技术及其在东海南部陆架盆地中的应用

介绍了一种在无井或少井情况下的叠前叠后混合地震反演方法。该方法充分利用了叠前反演分辨率高和叠后反演效率高、抗噪能力强的优点。首先应用遗传算法理论在所选控制点的角道集数据上进行叠前波形反演,求取控制点的虚拟纵波速度曲线;然后利用纵波速度曲线和已知地质信息来建立初始模型,进行叠后约束反演。我国东海南部陆架盆地勘探程度低、探井数量少,适合于混合地震反演技术的应用。利用该地区的实际资料进行了混合地震反演,并对影响混合地震反演效果的关键因素（层速度、角道集数据、迭代次数、已知地质信息）进行了分析。结果表明,为了获取虚拟纵波速度,需要准确的速度谱和角道集数据;为了增强叠前反演的实用性,需要选择恰当的控制点;充分利用已知地质信息,可以减小叠后反演结果的多解性。     

数值沉积模拟在澳大利亚W区块沉积储层研究中的应用

利用古环境、古生物年龄、钻井岩性、岩心等资料，应用DinosoS软件对澳欠利亚W区块的Elang—Frigate组进行了数值沉积模拟。研究区重点层位Elang-Frigate组共划分为3个层序，海平面为向上脉动加深变化形式，东南方为主要物源方向．通过各个层序的构造图以及井资料读取的各个层序的残露厚度，利用软件自动·趺复古地貌、古构造的功能，得到了相对真实的沉积背景，利用这些参数进行了三维数值模拟，进一步得到了本地区沉积体系的时空展布特征。结果显示，该区的三角洲－河口湾沉积体系，具有早期浪控、晚期潮控，近源扇三角洲、相对远源三角洲的复合型沉积特点。     

Banach空间上的微分同胚

本文利用非负强制函数及吸引盆的方法，将微分同胚问题转化为讨论相应纯量微分方程在[0,+∞)上存在非负解，得到了Banach空间的几个全局微分同胚定理，结论推广了文[5]、[7—9]、[12]中的一些主要定理．